Table of Contents
Thalamus
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In this video, Dr. Kushner breaks down the brain’s middleman the thalamus. In addition to projecting sensory information onto the cortex, the thalamus helps the brain decide what to pay attention to and what it can ignore.
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Thalamus – Human Brain Series – Part 15
The thalamus plays a central role in alertness and awareness. It is heavily involved in relaying information between the cortex and brain stem and within different cortical structures and contributes to many processes in the brain including perception, attention, timing, and movement.
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ชีววิทยา เฉลย 9 วิชาสามัญ 59 ข้อ 28 : สรุป Hypothalamus
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https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ELuNSqhp57I2qVEpr8nt8stac35CGVdN
เฉลยวิชาสามัญ 59 ข้อ 28
สรุปหน้าที่อันมากมายของ hypothalamus
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Diencephalon Anatomy (Thalamus, Epithalamus, Subthalamus, Metathalamus, Hypothalamus)
Content:
Introduction: 0:00
Topography of Diencephalon: 00:55
Parts of the Diencephalon: 01:58
Thalamus: External: 04:48
Thalamus: Internal: 05:32
Metathalamus 13:55
Metathalamus Connections with Thalamus 15:56
Epithalamus 16:57
Subthalamus 17:57
Hypothalamus 18:25
Hypothalamic Nuclei 20:22
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Topography of the Diencephalon:
Lies above the Mesencephalon
Lies around the 3rd ventricle
Parts of the Diencephalon:
Thalamus
Epithalamus
Subthalamus
Metathalamus
Hypothalamus
External Thalamus:
Anterior Tubercle (Tuberculum Anterius Thalami)
Pulvinar (Pulvinar Thalami)
Interthalamic Adhesion (Adhesio Interthalamica)
Internal Thalamus:
Internal Medullary Lamina (Medial Medullary Lamina)
Anterior Nuclei
○ Emotional Episodic Memory
○ A part of the Limbic System (Hyppocampys, Thalamus, Amygdala, Fornic, Cingulate Gyrus, Mamillary Body)
○ Papez Circuit
Medial Nuclei (Medial Dorsal Nucleus)
○ Relate Sensory, motor, and olfactory with emotions
Lateral Nuclei
○ Lateral Dorsal
§ Lateral Dorsal
§ Lateral Posterior
○ Lateral Ventral
§ Ventral Anterior (Basal Ganglia)
§ Ventral Lateral (Basal Ganglia)
§ VentroPosterioLateral Nuclei (VPL)
§ Medial Lemniscus
§ Spinothalamic Tract
§ VentroPosterioedial Nuclei (VPM)
§ Trigeminal Lemniscus (Lemniscus Trigeminalis)
§ Gustation (Taste)
○ Pulvinar
Metathalamus:
Medial Geniculate Body
○ Auditory Pathway:
○ Cochlear Nerve
○ Cochlear Nuclei
○ Lateral Lemniscus
○ Inferior Colliculi
○ Brachium of the Inferior Colliculi (Brachium Colliculi Inferior)
○ Medial Geniculate Body
○ Primary Auditory Cortex (Superior Temporal Gyrus)
Lateral Geniculate Body
○ Visual Pathway:
○ Receptors of Optic Nerve (CNII)
○ Optic Chiasm
○ Lateral Geniculate Body (Metathalamus)
○ Primary Visual Cortex
○ Brachium of the Superior Colliculi (Brachium Colliculi superior)
○ Inferior Colliculi
Metathalamus connection with Thalamus:
Pulvinar, Lateral Posterior and Lateral Dorsal
Receives information from Superior Colliculus and Inferior Colliculus. As well as Medial Geniculate body and Lateral Geniculate Body
Epithalamus:
Pineal Gland (Corpus Pineale)
○ Produces Melatonin
Habenular Trigone (Trigonum Habenulae)
Habenular Nuclei (Nuclei Habenulares)
Habenular Commissure (Commissura Habenularum)
Posterior Commissure (Commissura Posterior)
Subthalamus
A part of the Basal Ganglion to help start a movement, stop movement, and coordinate movement
Hypothalamus
Thalamus Opticus
○ Optic Chiasm (Chiasma Opticum)
○ Optic Tract (Tractus Opticus)
Mamillary Bodies (Corpus Mamillare)
○ Emotional Episodic Memory
○ Reflex with Olfaction
Hypothalamic Nuclei
○ Lateral Hypothalamic Area
○ Posterior Hypothalamic Area
○ Anterior Hypothalamic Area
○ Paraventricular Nucleus (Pain)
○ Preoptic Nucleus (Decreases HR, BP, etc)
○ Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (Circadian Rhythm)
○ Supraoptic Nucleis (Thirst)
○ Arcuate Nucleus (Regulate Hormone Release)
○ Ventromedial Nucleus (Satiety Feeling)
○ Mamillary Bodies
○ Dorsal Medial (Sleep regulation and food intake)
Tuber Cinerum
Infundibulum
Pituitary Gland (Posterior Pituitary)
Sources used in this video:
Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
Biorender
University notes and lectures
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